Tinker, Tailor, Soldier... Thief

A surprising number of 'nursery' rhymes that appear in Mother Goose collections are actually old predictor rhymes, used to try to guess at the outcome of an as yet unknown situation; and a large number of these are rhymes meant to predict what sort of a person a young woman's future husband will be. The rhymes would typically be recited repeatedly while counting out objects of a random amount -- buttons on a new jacket, petals on a flower, that sort of thing. These rhymes were also sometimes used to predict a friend's future occupation as well... but mostly for guessing at future spouses.

That last rhyme in particular I've only found in a 1923 book called "Phunology," so is not strictly associated with Mother Goose... but it's pretty obvious it's a variation on the older rhymes. In 1923, a "'phone girl" or "telephone girl" would have been one of the women who worked at phone switchboards routing calls to the right places, a job that no longer exists; look it up if you want to know more.